An Ethnographic Study of Social Change in Amish Society :: Religion Culture Heritage Papers

An Ethnographic Study of Social Change in Amish Society On March 23, 1998, I did a meeting and field perception to affirm a past speculation on Amish social change and endurance. I estimated, in view of library examination and individual experience, that Amish society was not static but rather unique and influenced by numerous components, for example, financial matters and social endurance. So as to check the legitimacy of my speculation I masterminded to spend a full Sunday (March 23, 1998), with an Amish family. I went to community gatherings at the Westhaven Amish-Mennonite Church in New Holland, Pennsylvania, and a short time later went through the day watching and talking with an Amish dairy rancher named Aaron and his better half Anna. They have six kids and live on a dairy ranch in Lancaster County Pennsylvania, which is a huge cultivating network. I met Aaron and his family around four years prior while in Lancaster County with my family and from that point forward our families have stayed in close contact. In this manner, to do a n ethnography on the Amish, my essential source was Aaron, somebody I was at that point open to talking with. What I found during the time spent my perception and meeting was that my speculation on social change and endurance was enormously affected by my own common and logical world view. I had additionally underplayed the significance of certain key thoughts which help to clarify Amish social belief systems, Amish endurance, Amish social change, and elements. I found that religion, more than I had accepted, assumed a critical job in Amish endurance in America. The Amish family, I additionally discovered, added to the pace of Social Change. Flourishing, amazingly, had a more noteworthy influence in social change than I had recently suspected. Also, I had the option to set up the exactness of other exploration data on Amish society that I had gathered and watched. Understanding that tremendous social cleavages exist between Amish society and my own, I am not astonished, by and large, to discover interchanges, as is presumably normal in most anthropological examinations, was the most troublesome part of my meeting. The instructive hindrance that existed among myself and Aaron during the meeting was one of the inconveniences that I encountered. What I had not thought about before doing my meeting with Aaron, was that he would not be acquainted with Sociological, Anthropological, and Economic ideas, terms, and hypotheses which I had learned through my advanced degree. An Ethnographic Study of Social Change in Amish Society :: Religion Culture Heritage Papers An Ethnographic Study of Social Change in Amish Society On March 23, 1998, I completed a meeting and field perception to affirm a past speculation on Amish social change and endurance. I theorized, in light of library exploration and individual experience, that Amish society was not static but rather unique and influenced by numerous elements, for example, financial matters and social endurance. So as to check the legitimacy of my theory I orchestrated to spend a full Sunday (March 23, 1998), with an Amish family. I went to chapel gatherings at the Westhaven Amish-Mennonite Church in New Holland, Pennsylvania, and thereafter went through the day watching and meeting with an Amish dairy rancher named Aaron and his better half Anna. They have six youngsters and live on a dairy ranch in Lancaster County Pennsylvania, which is a huge cultivating network. I met Aaron and his family approximately four years back while in Lancaster County with my family and from that point forward our families have stayed in close contact. Along these lines, to do an ethnography on the Amish, my essential source was Aaron, somebody I was at that point open to talking with. What I found during the time spent my perception and meeting was that my speculation on social change and endurance was incredibly affected by my own mainstream and logical world view. I had additionally underplayed the significance of certain key thoughts which help to clarify Amish social belief systems, Amish endurance, Amish social change, and elements. I found that religion, more than I had accepted, assumed a critical job in Amish endurance in America. The Amish family, I additionally discovered, added to the pace of Social Change. Flourishing, incredibly, had a more prominent impact in social change than I had recently suspected. What's more, I had the option to build up the precision of other exploration data on Amish society that I had gathered and watched. Understanding that huge social cleavages exist between Amish society and my own, I am not astounded, everything considered, to discover interchanges, as is likely basic in most anthropological investigations, was the most troublesome part of my meeting. The instructive hindrance that existed among myself and Aaron during the meeting was one of the complexities that I encountered. What I had not thought about before completing my meeting with Aaron, was that he would not be comfortable with Sociological, Anthropological, and Economic ideas, terms, and hypotheses which I had learned through my advanced degree.

Pleasures of Reading free essay sample

â€Å"Reading† is the movement of examining, skimming, going over, or poring over a book. The book might be of any classification, however â€Å"reading† gives incredible fulfillment. It is the demonstration of translating, understanding and seeing the genuine significance of the content. It is accomplished for delight and as a leisure activity. The content is comprised of basic and frequently complex words which are a wellspring of extraordinary satiety and enchantment for the peruser. The choice of the books characterize us. They show who we truly are. The genuine peculiarities and characteristics of an individual can really be comprehended by what he jumps at the chance to peruse, as Mathew Kelly called attention to that, â€Å"We become the books we read.† Books are likewise an incredible wellspring of delight and solace. They wash away from our lives the steady tedium and bring energy; they expel the residue of regular day to day existence from our spirits and supplant it with rush and elation. We will compose a custom paper test on Delights of Reading or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They carry originality to the world and allow us to envision better. The second we open a book and begin abiding in its reality, we feel as though everything around us has stopped to exist. Perusing gives us the sole mode by which we slip unknowingly, automatically and regularly powerlessly into another person’s soul and unearth the universe of his creative mind where everything has been made by him. It transports us to new places, acquaints us with astonishing individuals who lived energizing lives, they move us to HOGWARTS with J.K.ROWLING, to NARNIA with C.S.LEWIS, to BAYPORT with FRANKLIN W.DIXON, to RIVERHEIGHTS with CAROLYNE KEENE, to MAGICAL FORESTS with ENID BLYTON and to the Center OF THE EARTH with JULES VERNE. These spots are more than regularly only an invention of the writer’s creative mind yet to a peruser every little thing about them appears to be genuine, he wish that he can be moved to the universe he had always wanted and carry on with the existence h e wishes to live. He can visit every one of these spots while sitting on an agreeable sofa by the fire alongside an inviting bite. As of now he sees that there is no delight like perusing and eating. Furthermore, best of all, both of them can be joined serenely. As Jane Austen proclaims that, â€Å"There is no satisfaction like reading.† We probably won't notice this yet we in reality live the narratives we are perusing, each character has a particular voice in our mind alongside a suitable appearance. In the eye of our psyche we see them moving and hear them talking while we read about them. A peruser lives the lives of around a thousand people before he passes on however non-peruser lives a solitary exhausting and tedious life. Books are an interesting wellspring of compact enchantment which we can convey anyplace we need to. It causes us to enter joyful harmony and helps us to learn and appreciate the privileged insights and concealed realities of the universe by giving our psyches something worth mulling over. Any place we are, on the off chance that we have a book with us we needn't bother with any organization. We can simply sink into the pages and be extremely cheerful. As Elizabeth Scott sees that, â€Å"I love books! I love that second when you open one book and sink into it. You can escape from the world and sink into a story that’s way more intriguing than yours will ever be.† Reading is dreaming with open eyes. We don't need to fundamentally put stock in all the fiction and enchantment of the books we need to realize that it’s false. Be that as it may, it creates a universe of imagination which assists with widening our vision and increment our creative mind. In any event, Row ling says that, ‘I don’t have confidence in the sort of enchantment in my books. Yet, I do accept that something exceptionally enchanted can happen when you read a decent book.’ Perusing serves to fabricates our character and creates significant characters and qualities. At the point when we read about specific attributes we figure out how to like and abhorrence them. We even attempt to apply them in our own life. It assists with giving us great habits, fortify our jargon and increment our insight. We can get significant data when we read a decent book. There are a few demonstrations which are rarely squandered and consistently help us in one manner or another.Reading is one of them. Rowling teaches us to, ‘Read as much as could reasonably be expected. Nothing will help u as much as reading.’ At the point when we step inside a library, the primary thing we feel is the smell of old materials, the aroma of ink, we hear the stir of paper and as of now we accept that this fragrance of books is the best fragrance on the planet. At the point when we breathe in profoundly and peruse through the various segments we experience a sense so enchanted that it can never be communicated in words, and mystical doesn't only mean extraordinary or sorcerous however incorporates secret, rush, and happiness, which causes us to feel brilliant and energized. At the point when we close our eyes and essentially contact a recognizable book and draw its scent somewhere inside us, it is sufficient to make us glad and placated. Stephen King claims that, ‘Books are a remarkably convenient magic.’ Perusing is important to keep us resuscitated, new and strengthened. Guessing is as important to thoughts as exercise is to our body. They restore us when we feel as though all entryways of life are shut. They help us to get away from our anxieties and enter another spot, an alternate time. At these occasions we feel as though there is no companion as steadfast as a book. We don’t need to trust every one of our insider facts to it. And still, at the end of the day it can give consolation which is required without question. In this way, on the off chance that we really need to get away from the world we open a book and utilize our creative mind. JK ROWLING affirms that, â€Å"There is consistently space for a story that can move individuals toanother place† On the off chance that an individual doesn't prefer to peruse books this generally implies he has not yet discovered the correct book to suit his taste and character, as it is incomprehensible for any educated individual with great interests to disdain books, since great perusers make much out of close to nothing and still think that its short. As indicated by JANE AUSTEN, â€Å"If a book is elegantly composed I generally discover it short† Sometimes there are presentations certainties and realities which can't be clarified in ordinary composing however a fictious book relevantly clarifies them, with such nuance that the peruser scarcely sees that he has gotten them. Also, they become some portion of his existence without his watching the change. RALPH WALDO EMERSON demands that, â€Å"Fiction uncovers reality that reality obscures† We don't have to get theory, get familiar with a unique aptitude or realize a workmanship to perceive a decent book nor do we have to scan hard for it, we know when we have a decent book we become consumed and completely immersed in it. At the point when we turn the last page and feel that we have lost a dear companion. As though something significant has been killed, lost or evacuated. We feel a bizarre void and emptiness inside us and we long for additional. We realize it is a decent book when we figure out how to chuckle and cry with it, which leaves us passionate for quite a long time and makes tears tumble down our cheeks. Which causes us cry and to feel upbeat. So, a book a day wards reality off. We should understand great, intriguing and valuable writing which demonstrates productive and encourages us in our lives. Be that as it may, we ought to likewise apply alert and be cautious. We ought not guess so much that our thoughts are boggled, thinking gets obfuscated, our eyes become powerless, we get the chance to wear scenes, our work is left pending and we become all out BIBLIOBIBULIS (individuals who read excessively) BOOKS are keys to wisdom’s treasures BOOKS are doors to terrains of delights BOOKS are ways that upward lead BOOKS are companions, come let us read!

Impact of Celebrity Endorsements on Buying Behavior Essay

Gone those days where brands were restricted and their slogans were sufficient for the exposure, for example â€Å"Thanda matlab coca-cola† this slogan of coca cola helped a great deal as far as benefit amplification and brand building.As the time passes a vicious rivalry is occurring and each one is attempting to put their item prevalent than their rivals. For this, they have embraced the VIP in ad to make their item mainstream just as special. The utilization of a superstar in a notice resembles the scaffold between the maker and the purchaser. For focusing on the clients, they select the big name according to their product’s interest for example extra security organizations for focusing on the more seasoned clients underwrites the superstar which are over 60 years and for the sodas and juices they supports youthful celebrities.(Clemente N. Imprint, 2002) The character and believability of an endorser assumes a significant job for advancing the item since it legitimately mirrors the product’s quality and unwavering quality. For example Concrete organizations consistently underwrites the ground-breaking and solid big name like radiant deol , dara singh, amitabh bachan and so on. There are numerous explanations behind VIP support by organizations however the most significant is that through endorser’s high intrigue and legitimate message in the commercial they can isolate their focused on clients easily.(Kulkarni and Gaulkar, 2005) End Big name underwriting is the significant and fundamental device for the advancement of the item and now †a-days it is become a pattern for the item showcasing and brand building. In any case, it is anything but difficult to choose a big name however it is exceptionally hard to build up a solid connection between the item and the endorser. The big name can improve a brand picture and furthermore supportive revenue driven boost.

Shaping the Self - Literature Essay Samples

The potential for self-discovery, complemented by the capacity for transformation, lies latent within each man. When circumstances instigate a strong stimulus for change, man finds a way to actuate his innate potential. In Joseph Conrads The Secret Sharer, the overly rational captain finds himself lacking the courage needed for his new position of the fullest responsibility (677). He impulsively carries out his desperate [self-]appointed task of [change] (677) when catalyzed by Leggatt, a murderer whom he illegally protects. By breaking free of hesitancy and rationality and hurling himself into a dangerously intense trial of his own capabilities, the captain emerges as a matured and balanced individual.The captain is a logical man of restraint and intellect who is thrust into his position of leadership in consequence of certain events of no particular significance (677). The resulting responsibilities, however, are of immense magnitude, and he doubts his ability to simultaneousl y handle the crew, the ship, and himself. Now that the quiet communion [and comfort of subordination is] gone for good (677), the captain faces the undeniable fact that he is not only a stranger to the ship [but, more significantly,] a stranger to [himself] (677). With his self-doubt and hesitancy reinforced by the suspicion and lack of respect from the crew, the captain isolates himself.This physical and psychological isolation forces the captain to live as an individual rather than as a mere part of a society (703). Alone with the recognition that he must be always perfectly self-controlled [and] more than calm almost invulnerable (692) in order to succeed on his first command (701), the captain furthermore desires to gain the respect and acceptance of his crew and himself. He desperately reaches inward for his potential to change; in this quest to turn out faithful to that ideal conception of [his] own personality [which he] sets up for himself secretly (677), the captain se es Leggatt as the prime embodiment of the self-assurance and stubborn perseverance he craves and lacks; Leggatt is an unrepentant murderer, the epitome of impulsiveness, recklessness, and self-confidence.However, it is not through direct association with Leggatt that the captain is able to bring out and integrate similar qualities from within himself; it is not through a servile and cowardly imitation of Leggatt but rather through the risky feat of protecting Leggatt that he is able to become an integrated whole. Letting his passion and feeling of kinship for Leggatt override his customary rationality, the captain impulsively commits himself to harboring the murderer. This bold disregard of the moral code of society, supplemented by the prioritization of his own feelings, provides the captain with the opportunity to fully exert himself.Fearing the constant threat of discovery, the captain forces himself to maintain an unflagging vigilance. He combines his original shrewdness and caution with his developing boldness to keep Leggatt hidden. From deceiving the captain of the Sephora to intimidating his steward and asserting himself, the captain stretches his abilities to the very limit. This process is physically trying, and he painfully endures this infinitely miserable time (693). Moreover, it is mentally exhausting, for the impending peril of discovery is both nerve-trying (691) and maddening (693). The consequences of discovery, which include mutiny and possible death for the captain, are all too near and real. He selflessly sacrifices his own stability, peace of mind, and even sanity to protect Leggatt.Indeed, the intensity of both the external and self-imposed pressures almost forces the captain to lose his sanity; he ha[s] come creeping quietly as near insanity as any man who has not actually gone over the border (694). So exhausting are these trials that the captain is unconsciously tempted to return to the simple and familiar; paradoxically, the greatest danger is not the threat of discovery, but rather the luring comfort of rationality and certainty. If the captain abandons his reliance upon emotions and disillusions himself prematurely, the intense molding of his psyche will go irretrievably to pieces (696). However, he manages to restrain rationality and persevere in his selfless and complete devotion to Leggatt and thus live up to the best in himself (703); for, as Ralph Waldo Emerson said, no man can sincerely try to help another without helping himself.By protecting Leggatt, the captain finally realizes the full extent of his capabilities and gains confidence from this knowledge. His development into an integrated whole is completed when he mentally and physically frees himself from Leggatt by dropping him off near Koh-ring. Ignoring the reluctance of his crew and his own uncertainty, the captain recklessly and unyieldingly orders the ship to be brought dangerously and unnecessarily close to shore. In doing so, he proves to himself that he has successfully integrated impulsiveness and confidence.Afterwards, the captain safely steers the ship away from shore and wins the confidence, trust, and respect of his crew and himself, thus achieving the perfect communion of a seaman with his first command (701). With this sense of completion, he no longer needs the presence of his secret sharer (701). In fact, the captain needs independence in order to prevent the emergence and integration of any more impulsiveness and reckless boldness which would otherwise overwhelm the delicate balance with his original rationality and logical restraint.Ironically, the captain has reached a state of balanced wholeness and self-knowledge only to become a total stranger (700) once again; though he has come to terms with himself as the captain of a ship, fate will continue to present new and different circumstances. Consequently, the accompanying processes of self-discovery and personal change are cyclical, and the captain has completed one cycle only to begin another, thus striking out for a new destiny (701).

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Non-operating...

Valuation of AirThread Connections Group 7 (Shaojin Ding/ Jin Wang/ Wenqi Gu/ Shijia Wu/ Tongtong Yin/ Canran Xie) Given the background of ACC and AirThread, do you think the acquisition is a good idea? Briefly explain your answer. Yes. First, American Cable Communication (ACC) and AirThread could help each other compete in the industry that was moving more and more bundled service offerings. Second, the acquisition could help both companies expand into the business market. Third, ACC was in a unique position to add value to AirThread’s operations because the acquisition could save AirThread more than 20% in backhaul costs. The reasons above make us believe that the synergy is positive and the acquisition is†¦show more content†¦The debt payment schedule is presented in Ex 6.) †¨Remember that different valuation models are not mutually exclusive, you can use different model for different forecasting periods. We still divide the value of AirThread as a merger target into operating part and non-operating part. First, we combine the DCF model with APV model to calculate the operating value. Because during 2008 to 2012, AirThread need to pay down acquisition debt, the D/E ratio is variable. So we have to choose the APV model (= NPV + NPVF). But after 2012, the acquisition debt has paid off, so the D/E ratio is constant, which suggests using DCF model. First, we calculate the operating value during 2008 and 2012 using APV. The cash flows of these five years combine the stand-alone cash flows and the synergy cash flows. We assume depreciation/capital expenditure equals 1. First of all, we calculate the NPV. The potential synergies come from system operating cost saving as well as the increase in revenue and gross profit. We use the unlevered (=0.96) and get the cost of equity (=10.2%). We get the synergies cash flow using Jenifer’s projection about synergies. We use the cost of equity (=10.2%) to discount the cash flows and get NPV from 2008 and 2012, which is $1,511.39m. (Exhibit 5) In this case, NPVF is Tax Subsidy. We discount the interests of the 5 years to 2007 using cost of debt (=5.50%), and thenShow MoreRelatedComparison Of IFRS to GAAP Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesDaniela Trudel Comparing IFRS to GAAP This paper looks at relevant comparisons of IFRS, â€Å"International Financial Reporting Standards† and GAAP, â€Å"Generally Accepted Accounting Principles†. These two frameworks of accounting principles and practices share a lot of standards and procedures, but also differ on accepted policies. This paper will answer those standards and differences but also show the comparison of the two. 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The net income is essentially the common income statement form, consisting of classifications such as income from continuing operations, discontinued operations, extraordinary itemsRead MoreAccounting Cycle Paper924 Words   |  4 PagesWAlmart | Accounting Cycle Paper | Accounting Cycle of Walmart | | Melanie Bartholomew | September 2, 2012 | When a company, like Walmart, begins to prepare financial statements and reports at the end of an accounting cycle they generally use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and â€Å"the collective process of recording and processing the accounting events† (Definition of ‘Accounting Cycle’, 2012), known as the accounting cycle. There are nine steps involved in the accounting cycle.

The Business Ethic Of The Movie Blood Diamond - 881 Words

In Africa, diamond are usually being traded in transaction for people life which are used in civil wars, and wicked military in unstable countries in Africa. Because of the barbarity of wars financed by illegal diamond trade, It has been broadcast the diamond trade has become a poorly regulated business. These stones are call blood diamond. The reason they name it blood diamond because it is stone that people sacrifices their life’s for. You do realize that a diamond you may buy at store, might have gotten people get killed These diamond companies sell blood diamonds without knowing or the companies are just too selfish and do not care if the diamonds were acquired at the risk of another person s life. in this paper I will discuss the business ethic of the movie blood diamond and how business ethic was portrayal in this movie. In the movie blood diamond, it was made in Sierra Leone, 1999. This movie was based on a civil war where it nearly killed thousands of good people. This attack cost majority of the Sierra Leone population out of homes and destroy their villages. These zonal attack became refugee camps. A man of the name of Solomon was captured and his family was captured and taken away to the refugee group. Luckily he was able to survive the refugee beaten and he became one of their mining collector. During the mining, he found a pink diamond and he hid it in the bush. Danny Archer, a diamond collector, hears about this diamond while in aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ethical Movie Review: Blood Diamond3530 Words   |  15 PagesEthical movie review Title: Blood Diamond Year: 2006 Studio: Virtual Studios Producer: Warner Bros. Director: Edward Zwick Country: United States of America 0.1 Introduction The following essay will examine ethical issues addressed through the movie â€Å"Blood Diamond†. The two main issues identified and discussed are; child soldiers and conflict diamonds. 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Only decades before, this had been the norm, though the reason for war was always to acquire the enemys revered cattle† (Peterson 218). In the modern conflicts in Africa, the fierce warrior ethic was now accompanied by advanced weaponry, which dramatically changed the nature of the conflict as well as the outcome. The role of foreign players in Africa added an element of instability to the internal conflicts that, in most cases, caused greaterRead MoreSports17369 Words   |  70 PagesUniversity of New York Press. Van Bottenburg, Maarten and Beverley Jackson (2001). Global games. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. Wenner, Lawrence A. (Ed.) (1998). MediaSport. New York: Routledge. Westerbeek, Han and Aaron Smith (2003). Sport business in the global marketplace. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Whannel, Garry (1992). Fields in vision: TV sport and cultural transformation. London: Routledge. Wilson, John. 1994. Playing by the rules: Sport, society, and the state. Detroit, MI: WayneRead MoreSports17363 Words   |  70 PagesUniversity of New York Press. Van Bottenburg, Maarten and Beverley Jackson (2001). Global games. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. Wenner, Lawrence A. (Ed.) (1998). MediaSport. New York: Routledge. Westerbeek, Han and Aaron Smith (2003). Sport business in the global marketplace. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Whannel, Garry (1992). Fields in vision: TV sport and cultural transformation. London: Routledge. Wilson, John. 1994. Playing by the rules: Sport, society, and the state. Detroit, MI: WayneRead MoreOaths Euphemisms6681 Words   |  27 Pageseuphemism for hanging out the bedsheet after a wedding night as a testament to the womans virginity), or it simply being that time of the month. Euphemisms are also common in reference to sexual orientations and lifestyles. 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Nutritional Requirements of Individuals with Dementia free essay sample

Understand and meet the nutritional requirements of individuals with dementia. Outcome 1 1) describe how cognitive, functional and emotional changes with dementia can affect eating, drinking and nutrition. Cognitive behaviour is dysfunctional emotions and behaviours caused by damage in brain affecting part of the brain responsible for memory and all that we learn from birth- how to talk, eat etc. This means that person with dementia can forget how important it is to eat and drink. They also may lose sense of hunger and thirst. It can become problem putting client’s health at risk. Functional change is losing ability to remember how to eat using cutlery. Instead, some people find easier to pick up food by hand, so finger food should be provided. This might be a good way to avoid confusion and distress for a client. If person finds it easier food should be laid out for a client promoting their dignity. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutritional Requirements of Individuals with Dementia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Emotional change can be negative emotions about the confused state when individual may not understand that there is something wrong, but behaviour of others may lead them to feeling something is wrong, which often causes stress to individual with dementia. Explain how poor nutrition can contribute to an individual’s experience of dementia. Poor nutrition can make the symptoms of dementia worse, increase risk of more frequent infections requiring use of antibiotics. Malnutrition also affects immune system making it difficult to fight an infection. Effects of poor nutrition: * Higher risk of infection * Reduced wound healing * Dermatological problems * Constipation * Disturbed sleeping pattern * Weight loss/gain 3) outline how other health and emotional conditions may affect the nutritional needs of an individual with dementia. It is more likely that as well as dementia older elderly are more likely to develop other chronic illnesses and therefore will have specific nutritional needs. Nutritional requirements Energy requirements decline with age, particularly if physical activity is restricted. However, requirements for protein, vitamins and minerals remain the same, so it is imperative that food choices are nutritionally dense, supplying a rich supply of nutrients in a small volume. Fat There should be no restrictions on the input of fats if a client: * Has suffered weight loss. Has a very small appetite * Is very weak Fibre Eating cereals, fruit and vegetables as a part of balanced diet will help clients who have bowel or constipation problems. Sugar Many elderly people have high sugar intakes. If the rest of the diet contains lots of foods from the main food groups, there is no reason to limit sugar intake. In fact, if weight loss has occurred, sugars may be recommended to meet energy requirements and to aid weight gain. Iron Anaemia is common in elderly and can be caused by poor absorption, certain drugs and blood loss. Iron intakes can be met by having red meat and non-meat sources every day. Absorption is maximised by consuming vitamin C-rich foods at the same time, such as a glass of fruit juice or fresh fruit or vegetables with each meal. Zinc For clients with pressure ulcers intake of Zinc is vital for body’s natural ability to heal wounds. (Can be found in meat, pulses, wholemeal bread and shellfish) Calcium Consuming calcium rich products on a daily basis can slow down loss of calcium in bones, which starts at the age of 30 and accelerates considerably in later years. Calcium-rich foods (milk and dairy foods) should be eaten every day. Vitamin D Vitamin D is needed for calcium metabolism and its deficiency in elderly people can lead to bone softening and distortion. Many elderly people also have limited exposure to sunlight (this vitamin can be made through the action of sunlight on the skin). B Vitamins Intake of B vitamins may be low in this age group if appetite is poor and the diet is not rich in vitamins and minerals. To help prevent this, foods from all food groups must be consumed every day. Water Taking an appropriate amount of water (approximately 2 litres) each day will: * Aid digestion * Maintain effective urine flow * Stop dehydration * Keep hair and skin healthy * Maintain good kidney function Emotional and psychological effects that might affect nutritional needs of an individual with dementia: * Apathy * Confusion * Memory loss * Delirium * Disturbed sleeping pattern * Mood * Depression Physical effects that might affect nutritional needs of an individual with dementia: * Physical discomfort (bad fitting dentures or person is wet) * Lack of exercises. Damage to the brain * Difficulties with chewing and swallowing * Changes in food preference * Loss of taste * Constipation * Living alone 4) explain the importance of recognising and meeting an individual’s personal and cultural preferences for food and drink. It is important to recognise an individual’s personal and cultural preferences to food and drink as this can make people feel like they are respected and included. This will encourage individual to eat and drink, but also it will increase their emotional and physical well-being. People may have different views about foods depending on their cultural background. Providing range of familiar foods can help make individual feel at home, safe and welcomed. As well as providing nutritional value food and drink also play a significant role in culture and rituals. For example, Chinese people eat with chopsticks. Some people like to have a glass of wine with their meal. People from different cultures can only eat certain things as reason of their religion or believes. | | All this information should be included in individuals care plan under life  history. 5) explain why it is important to include a variety of food and drink in the diet of an individual with dementia. An individual with dementia has the same needs and rights as someone without dementia. Eating is basic human function and need. The type of food people eat affects their health and quality of life. People who eat poor diet get sick more often and recover from injury and illness more slowly. Outcome 2 1) describe how mealtime cultures and environments can be a barrier to meeting the nutritional needs of an individual with dementia. Possible reasons for malnutrition in residential or nursing homes: * Underlying disease or illness * Loneliness or depression * Monotonous menu * Unfamiliar foods * Inappropriate textures * Inflexible meal times * Lack of snacks and nourishing drinks * No choice of portion size * No monitoring of food intake and weight loss * Insufficient staffing to help with feeding * General lack of fresh foods * Dull and bland food 2) describe how mealtime environments and food presentation can be designated to help an individual to eat and drink. Clients with dementia are reassured by a calm and regular routine. Meals should be relaxed and unrushed, allowing plenty of time. Prevent any distractions, such as television or radio. Many individuals prefer to eat in company, so creating a social environment for meal times can help. However, there can be others who like to eat alone, so it is important to find out each client’s likes and dislikes. Presentation of food is very important. Clients will eat better if food looks more tempting, smells nice and looks delicious.