Boyz N the Hood (R language, sex, violence)

The war begins Essays

The war begins Essays The war begins Essay The war begins Essay Essay Topic: Rudyard Kipling Poems Thomas Hardy Poems The First World War began on 4th August 1914, after much anticipation it was going to take place. Before the war started people presumed that it would all be over by Christmas, and that Britain would ambush the Germans and teach them a lesson. When war was declared, people gathered in Trafalgar Square cheering and very few people were against the war. The only people who were against the war were businessmen and the liberal party. A group of people who lacked enthusiasm for the war was the poets, however many chose to write about their support for the war, which in turn became printed in magazines and newspapers quickly turning into propaganda. Many of the common themes written about were the honour they would experience. As this was at the beginning stages of the war, Britain did not know much about going to war and not many people at the time had any experience of it. Therefore they presumed war was going to be honourable and that none of the Britains would die, but would return an d be honoured for fighting for their country. They wrote about how honourable it is to go to war and many quotes in poetry reflect this. In the poem For The Fallen it explains about the dead who have died. But in it there the writer uses quotations and words, which make the reader want to join the war. Words like proud immortal laughing glory music thrill and royal which are all contained in the poem, make the war sound like fun, that fighting in it will make a solider immortal. The music and laughing are all fun words which are going to make the reader want to join, however the theme of honour is contained with words like proud and her spirit all put emphasis on how glorifying the war is made to seem. The theme of honour is carried out greatly because at that time of 1914, people were proud of their country and taught that England was the best country of all. It made men want to fight for it, and they felt a certain degree of patriotism and honour that they carry for their country. In the poem A Music Hall Song the phase for your king and your country is used, again reflecting at the time that people were willing to die for a country that is deemed the best. People felt patriotic towards Britain and proud to fight for it. Other themes are those of excitement and romance. At that time, young men did not know what to do with their lives and the war offered them something to be able to live and work for. The excitement of becoming a hero thrilled young men but also young people love to indulge in dangerous activities, obviously war being a perfect one. War was something never really experienced to Britains before, so they presumed that it would be exciting and glorious. One young man described it as the romance of it the mystery and uncertainty of it. This proves the concept of war was warped and unrealistic. When the Britains was well into war, thats when people began to realise the true horror of it. The tone of many poems in the early days of war was very much positive towards the war, urging people to join up and stating all the glories and reasons of why people should join the war. The tone of one of the poems in particular is very strong. In Wake Up England the tone is bouncy, and sometimes can be quite harsh and shouting sounding. At the end of each sentence there are exclamation marks reflecting the shouty nature of the poem, which could be the chants, or songs that were sung in aid of the war. The tone is once again positive for the war in this poem, there are also capitals used at the end, perhaps meaning the loudness of the chanting and emphasis of the message England stands for honour. God defend the right. This is also the tone of the poem as it tells themes of patriotism and honour for their country. The poem is mainly about telling the people of England to wake up and get out there and fight. There are many themes talked about in the poem, which explores the positivi sm toward war such as heroism and patriotism stand England for honour and glory fame of their fathers. Imagery is also used in the poems although this becomes more graphic as the war goes on. In the beginning stages of the war, many poets explored the images of the countryside, as it was something Britain was proud of. In England is Happy Now, images of the countryside are used such as evn the warm beauty of this spring and summer and her hills and rivers and her chafing sea. These images are used to make the reader feel strongly about protecting these areas of tranquillity and hopefully going to the war to fight to save these areas from being bombed. Although these areas are not best known to many of the army people who are used to factories, buildings and mines. Another image that frequently crops up is that of families. In the poems, families such as mothers and fathers are bought up to feel pride in the men so that they will go and fight. It could be perhaps that the fathers fought in a war too so perhaps the sons feel obliged to as well. This technique makes the reader feel more personal so that is also a reason why they may go and fight. In the poem Wake Up England it brings mothers and fathers into it to make the poem seem more personal to the reader The love of their mothers is strong to command, the fame of their fathers is might to their hand. This suggests that the love their mothers give the soldiers and the strength the dads give them, is what will bring them back to England safely. In this moment in time, nobody knew what the trenches and war zone was like because nobody was yet to experience it. Therefore there were no images of the horror of the war yet and only images of what were to be expected. The last image that crops up frequently is that of God and Religion. The British believe it was not right to fight, but justified it that God was on their side to punish the evil Germans. It is almost an image of God and the Devil, because the British are presented to be pure and good as gold while the Germans were said to be doing bad things and making up lies. In To the troubler of the war the quote we do not with Gods name make wanton play, we are not on such easy terms with heaven which suggests that they do not want to offend God, but for the sake of peace, they must fight and hope he will be on their side. To get people to join the army, many of the poems were called propaganda which is a subliminal message which is trying to promote something, in this case recruitments for the army. The government set up a organisation of writers who would write for the newspapers, poems and literature which would hopefully promote the war. Some of these writers were Thomas Hardy, H G Wells and Rudyard Kipling. People who read these poems were supposed to be inspired to join the war and fight, which must have worked because so many men wanted to join the army recruitment officers couldnt cope with the amounts of people. 100,000 men were needed but 2 million came forward, much because of the propaganda they were witnessing. It wasnt only poems but posters too. As we can see from the one below, a common image used in poems was also the focus on propaganda too. The poster shows the countryside and tries to prove these are the things, soldiers should fight for. In the other poster, it makes war out to be a game as we can see the solders are playing football and cricket instead of fighting again distorting the real view of war. It makes war out to be a game, which can be fun and rewarding and no harm of death at all. This view however was soon to be changed.

Quantitative Analysis Technique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quantitative Analysis Technique - Research Paper Example Therefore, usually all employees are concerned with HR policy as it includes leave policy, travel policy, policy regarding employee benefit and most importantly performance appraisal policy; to which every employees’ increments are linked. It is a common observation that employees quit their jobs because they are not satisfied with their performance management system and they believe that the criterion mentioned in the policy against which the appraisal was to be done has not been followed. One of the major causes of employee de-motivation is inconsistencies between policies and their implementation. Many censures have been done worldwide just to study the effectiveness of performance management system. A survey was done by a well renowned consulting firm, Development Dimensions Incorporated, in which it was found that most of the employees communicated overwhelming dissatisfaction with their performance management system (Coens & Jenkins, 2002). When an organization intends to change or improve its’ performance management system it has to take care of two things; firstly the standards against which the performance is measured, and secondly the feedback of appraisal. In order to make feedback more effective, 360 degree feedback method should be used (Denisi & Kluger, 2000). Moreover, standards or key performance indicator should be set in such a way that employee attention is on getting the task done effectively and efficiently, which will result in better employee performance thus having a positive impact on overall organization productivity. Furthermore, employee should be involved in setting their goals while designing the appraisal processes because it will increase its effectiveness (McConkie, 1979). It also gives the employees a sense of involvement. The only way to resolve inconsistencies between policies and its implementation is redefining the policies in such a way that it can practically be

The topic is below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The topic is below - Essay Example The actions of Arabic and English language is analysed to indicate the entire difference. Arabic is an official language in scores of nations which include Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Morocco (Al-Baldawi, & Saidat, 185). This is still the language spoken and written in Koran. This therefore implies that, Muslim followers originating from all countries, for instance, Indonesia are conversant in Arabic Language. There are numerous Arabic dialects. However, there exists only one adaptation of Arabic Language that students learn in schools. In addition to this, there are additional dialects that the media practitioners use in many Arab countries across the world (Al-Baldawi, et al., 186). Arabic Language originates from the Semites language trend (Ibrahim, 46). This fact explains why it consists of diverse types of grammar as compared to the ordinary English language. This disparity goes beyond the American language on the basis of grammar. For instance, alphabetically, the Arabic language encompasses 28 consonants, whereas English has only 24 consonants (Shoebottom, 87). Arabic Language also has 8 vowels/diphthongs whereas English encompasses 22 (Shoebottom, 88). On the contrary, short vowels are less important in Arabic, and in fact do not come out in narrative writing. Texts are, as well, read from right to left and put on paper in a cursive handwriting. There is no distinction flanked by upper and lower case. In addition, the punctuation set of laws are grammatical flouted as compared to English Language. It is evident that these basic disparities flanked by Arabic and English information and narrative writing create learning problems to Arab students. The Arab s tudents normally require additional time to read and write as compared to English speaking students, originating from European Language groups (Hasan, 98). English

Paper1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Paper1 - Essay Example College life provides students with a lot of freedom and this independence brings with it a lot of responsibility. Students will be expected to handle all their work with maturity and would be solely responsible for all their actions. An important aspect mentioned in the article is regarding the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) which further entrusts upon the student an exclusive right on all their records and forbids the institution from sharing any information even with a parent without permission from the student. These provisions thus expect students to make conscious decisions during their stay in the campus. The Act however, does not cover the public lives of the students and no form of protection is offered to the students in this regard. Students will be provided the required guidance about how to conduct themselves within the campus and handle their education by counselors and academic staff, but at the end of the day students will be left to decide what is best for them. While universities provide immense freedom to students to make their own choices through the FERPA, it refrains from providing any student related information to anxious parents unless a written permission is provided by the student. Many universities do not encourage parents to hover over their grown up children as they firmly believe that students have the ability to decide what is best for them. Through the FERPA, students who live in the university campus and away from their homes need to fulfill other responsibilities apart from academic issues such as paying their bills or doing their laundry. While the university provides guidance to the students, it however does not enforce or restrict their activities. However in extreme cases the university can impose sanctions or decide to terminate the enrollment of the student when they are found guilty of misconduct or fail to

Sql Injection Attacks Pose Computer Science Essay

Sql Injection Attacks Pose Computer Science Essay In recent years, SQL injection attacks pose a common and serious security threat to web applications: they allow attackers to obtain unrestricted access to the database underlying the applications and to the potentially sensitive information these database contain, and it is becoming significantly more popular amongst hackers. According to recent data, between Q1 2012 and Q2 2012, there has been an estimated 69 percent increase of this attack type. [1][2] As you can imagine, a hacker gaining administrator access to your server means that you will have effectively lost all of the data on that server to the invader. Worse yet there is now a beachhead behind your firewall from which attacks on other server and services can now be made. In this way SQL injection can provide access to all company or personal data. In the web environment, end -user privacy is one of the most controversial legal issues, therefore, all types of SQL injections which are dangerous for the components of the web application must be prevented. This article introduces the SQL injection in the first section then provides some techniques for defecting and preventing this kind of attack in the second section. Section 1: Introduction of SQL injection attack SQL injection is an attack technique which can be used by the attacker to exploit the web application; as a result the attacker may gain unauthorized access to a database or to retrieve information directly from the database. Attacker can exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities remotely without any database or application authentication. SQL injection attackers are straightforward in nature an attacker just passes malicious string as an input to an application for stealing confidential information. There are four main kinds of SQL Injection attacks [3]: SQL manipulation, Code injection, Function call injection and Buffer overflows. SQL manipulating usually involves modifying the SQL query through altering the WHERE clause. In this class of attack, amend the WHERE clause of the statement so the WHERE clause constantly results in TRUE [4]. In the case of code injection an attacker introduces new SQL statements into the input field instead of valid input. The classic code or statement appends a SQL server command to make SQL statement vulnerable. Code injection only works when multiple SQL statements per database request are supported or keywords like AND, OR are supported by the database. Function call injection is the addition of database functions or user defined functions into a vulnerable SQL queries. These function calls can be used to make internal calls or modify data in the database that can be harmful to the users. SQL injection of buffer overflows is a subset of function call injection. In several commercial and open-source databases, vulnerabilities exist in a few database functions that may result in a buffer overflow. Once an attacker realizes that a system is vulnerable to SQL injection, he is able to execute any SQL command including DROP TABLE to the database; hence the attack must be prevented. Protection Methods for SQL Injection attacks: To build secure applications, security and privacy must be carefully considered, and developer must be aware about it. The main goals of information security are Confidentiality, Integrity and availability. A single unprotected query can be harmful for the application, data, or database server; hence the SQL injection must be prevented. SQL injection attacks can be protected with simple changes in server site programming as well as client side programming. Developers must be aware of all types of attacks and take care for all possible attacks. Developers should authenticate user input against rules; ensure users with the permission to access the database have the least privileges; also do not leak any critical info in error log files. Taking user input from predefined choices: In this way the web application can be secured from malicious attacks. The attacker cannot insert custom queries or any type of harmful script which can disturb the integrity of the database. This is a simple yet effective way to curb web application attacks. This can be established by making simple changes into the server site code. Bind variables mechanism: Bind variable is another technique to control SQL injection attacks. Using bind variables helps in improving web application performance. The web application developer should use bind variables in all SQL statements. In Java language there is a mechanism called prepared statement, this implements the concept of bind variables mechanism. Input validation: This is the simplest method for defense against SQL injection attacks. User input should always be treated with care and there a number of reasons to validate all of the user input before further processing. Every passed string parameter ought to be validated. Many web applications use hidden fields and other techniques, which also must be validated. If a bind variable is not being used, special database characters must be removed or escaped. In most databases the single quote character and other special characters are a big issue, the simplest method to avoid them is to escape all single quotes. This can be established by using client side scripting language. Validation code can help to avoid wasting server resources by restricting requests that would not return useful results and they can provide much more helpful messages to the user than a SQL error message or empty result set would likely provide. Also, they can help stop SQL injection by rejecting, outright, any forms of input that could be used to perform a SQL injection. With the benefits that validation can bring, it is generally wise to validate all user input, even when fully parameterized database calls and uses and uses an account with limited permissions. Use only stored procedures The greatest value for using stored procedures in preventing SQL injection is that the DBA can set permissions for the application account so that its only way to interact with the SQL server is through stored procedures. This would mean that most SQL injection attacks would fail due to lack of permissions even if the calling program did not parameterize. This of course still leaves open the possibility of SQL injection working through dynamic SQL inside the stored procedures, but the stored procedures can be given an execute as clause which limits their permission to only those needed by the procedure. It is generally easier to verify that all stored procedures are written to guard against SQL injection then it is to check every place where the application interacts with SQL server. Limit permission The most important thing is that we should never user admin rights for web based application. The safe way is to give the user as little rights as possible in other word user rights should allow him to do only what is necessary and nothing more. If the account does not have permission to drop a table, then it will not be dropped even if the command is slipped to SQL server. Similarly, if the account has only read access, although the attack my have right to gain some information, he/she will be not able to modify or destroy the data, which is frequently worse. Even the read permission should be strictly limited by database, to limit which tables can be viewed. And if the application only needs selected columns from a table, then read permission on the view can be granted rather than the full table. Conceal error messages: Injection attacks often depend on the attacker at least some information about the database schema. [4] One common way for hackers to spot code vulnerable to SQL injection is by using the developers own tools against them. For example, to simplify debugging of failed SQL queries, many developers echo the failed query and the database error to the log files and terminate the script. In this case, error messages are useful to an attacker because they give additional information about the database that might not otherwise be available. It is often thought of as being helpful for the application to return an error message to the user if something goes wrong so that if the problem persists they have some useful information to tell the technical support team. Hence, the generated error becomes a literal guideline to devising more tricky queries. For example, applications will often have some code that looks like this: try { } catch (Exception exception) { MessageBox.Show(log on failed, exception.Message); } A better solution that does not compromise security would be to display a generic error message that simply states an error has occurred with a unique ID. The unique ID means nothing to the user, but it will be logged along with the actual error diagnostics on the server which the technical support team has access to. The code above would change to something like this instead: try { } catch (Exception exception) { int id = GetIdFromException(exception); MessageBox.Show(log on failed, id.ToString()); } Code review: Code review can be incredibly difficult to implement, especially in a team of old-timers who are not used to it. But once done, it will not only decrease the number of defects in your code, it will also increase the collaboration and help team building, improve brotherhood amongst developers and will propagate best practices and improvement of skill across an entire team or department. Use automated test tools: Even if developers follow the coding rules and do their best to avoid dynamic queries with unsafe user input, we still need to have a procedure to confirm this compliance. There are automated test tools to check for SQL injections and there is no excuse for not using them to check all the code of your database applications. To make a summary: Encrypt sensitive data Access the database using an account with the least privileges necessary Install the database using an account with the least privileges necessary Ensure that data is valid Do a code review to check for the possibility of second-order attacks Use parameterized queries Use stored procedures Re-validate data in stored procedures Ensure that error messages give nothing away about the internal architecture of the application or the database Conclusion SQL injection is one of the more common and more effective forms of attack on a system. Controlling the malicious SQL code/script on the web application and maintaining the end privacy is still a key challenge for the web developer. These issues must be considered seriously by the web developers involved in developing websites using databases.

Music as Substance and Form in Grace Notes :: Grace Notes

Music as Substance and Form in Grace Notes In the novel Grace Notes by Bernard MacLaverty, Catherine's growth as an artist through the story provides both substance and form to the story. Early on in Catherine's life, she was taught and influenced by the people close to her. Miss Bingham was her first formal teacher. She taught Catherine things she seemed to have known beforehand: "Miss Bingham says it's all inside her head and all she has to do is draw it out" (99). Miss Bingham also gave Catherine her first manuscript jotter, taking her on her way to becoming a composer. Catherine's family was also a big influence. Granny Boyd taught Catherine songs they would sing in "the rounds of the kitchen" (145). In contrast to Miss Bingham and Granny Boyd, it seems as if her father wanted to have more control over her music interest. When listening to the Lambeg drums, her father called it "Sheer bloody bigotry" (258), yet Catherine thought it interesting with the complex rhythms. The strongest influences on Catherine, as with most children, come at an early age, and for Catherine this all happens in her home town. There are also outside influences on Catherine's development as an artist. Catherine first saw Huang Xiao Gang at a composition workshop at the university. Huang talked about "pre-hearing and inner hearing" (33), and other ways of thinking of music in very non-western methods. Catherine remembers the 'pre-hearing' and 'inner hearing' quite a few times later, when she has ideas about music. Catherine also learns while visiting the composer Anatoli Melnichuck in Kiev. She does not actually learn directly from Melnichuck, but learns about things when she is there. When she visits the Refectory church she hears the bells in the bell tower, making a reverberating "Tintinnabulation" (124). Catherine as well hears the monks in the church singing. The singing came without warning, "it was not sacred singing - there was a lightness to it" (125). The singing there at the Refectory church reminded her of Granny Boyd singing 'The Bell Doth Toll'. The outside influences in Catherine's life gave s ome contrast and some interesting aspects to her music. The influences and teachings in her life all come together to create Vernicle, which is played for the BBC at the end of the novel. Her music comes in two parts, like "the bilateral symmetry of a scallop shell" (273).